中国临床心理学杂志

小学生自我概念的发展特点及其与人格的相关研究

作者：向小平¹ 张春妹¹ 2 邹泓¹

单位：1. 北京师范大学发展心理研究所北京 100875
2. 武汉大学哲学学院心理系湖北武汉 430072

关键词：小学生自我概念人格

分类号：B844.1

出版年,卷(期):页码：2006,14(3):294-296

摘要：

目的：探讨小学生自我概念的发展特点及其与人格的关系。方法：采用Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表和小五人格问卷，对北京市两所普通小学随机抽取的550名3-5年级学生进行调查。结果：①小学3-5年级学生自我概念的性别差异显著，女生在除焦虑外的所有维度上的得分均高于男生；②自我概念与人格各维度有显著的相关。其中，自我概念总分与谨慎性、宜人性和外向性呈高正相关，与情绪性呈中等负相关，与开放性呈中等正相关；③不同人格类型学生自我概念水平两两差异显著，和谐型人格学生最高，保守型其次，退缩型的自我概念最低。结论：小学女生的自我概念水平普遍高于男生；自我概念高的个体是处事谨慎、情绪稳定、善于与人相处的外向者。

Objective: To examine the developmental characteristics of self-concept in 3-5 grade pupils and to explore its relationship with five factor personality. Methods: The Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale and the Five Factor Inventory were administered to 550 grade 3-5 elementary school students. Results: ①There were significant gender difference in total self-concept scores and all subscales of self-concept except anxiety, with girls scoring much higher than boys. ②All personality factors were significantly correlated with self-concept. ③Pupils'self-concept differed significantly between different subtypes of personality type, with harmonious children having the highest self-concept, while the withdraw the lowest. Conclusion: Girls' self-concept are generally higher than boys during elementary schools; People with high self-concept are those conscientious, agreeable and emotionally stable extraverts.

基金项目：

教育部人文社科“十五”规划博士点的成果之一(项目号:01JBXLX002)

作者简介：

参考文献：

[1] 官旭华,石淑华.儿童自我概念.国外医学社会医学分册,2001,3(18):13-17
[2] Baumeister RF,Campbell JD,Krueger JI et al.Does High Self-Esteem Cause Better Performance,Interpersonal Success,Happiness,or Healthier Lifestyles? Psychological Science in the Public Interest,2003,4(1):1-44
[3] 林崇德.发展心理学.人民教育出版社,1995.312-313
[4] Kendler KS,Gardner CO,Prescott CA.A population-based twin study of self-esteem and gender.Psychological Medicine,1998,28:1403-1409
[5] Robins RW,Trzesniewski KH,Donnellan B.Stability of Self-Esteem Across the Life Span,Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2003,84(1):205-220
[6] Robins RW,Tracy JL,Trzesniewski K et al.Personality Correlates of Self-Esteem.Journal of research in personality,2001,35:463-482
[7] 汪向东,王希林,马弘.心理卫生评定手册增订版.中国心理卫生杂志社,1999.306-310
[8] 周晖,钮丽丽,邹泓.中学生人格五因素问卷的编制.心理发展与教育,2000,1:48-54
[9] 邹泓,等.小学生行为习惯培养实验报告蓝皮书.北京出版社,待出版
[10] 苏林雁,罗学荣,张纪水,等.儿童自我概念量表的中国城市常模.中国心理卫生杂志,2002,16(1):31-34
[11] Marsh,HW.Age and sex difference in multiple dimensions of self-concept:Preadolescence to adulthood.Journal of educational psychology,1989,81:417-430
[12] Francis lJ.Self-esteem as a function of personality and gender among 8-11 year olds,is Coopersmith's index fair?Personality and individual differences,1998,25:159-163
[13] Grazinano EG,Jensen-Campbell LA,and Finch JF.The self as a mediator between personality and adjustment.Journal of personality and social psychology,1997,73:392-404
[14] Francis 1J.Coopersmith's model of self-esteem:Bias toward the stable extravert? Journal of social psychology,1997,137:5-9
[15] 张雨青,林薇,Kohnstamm GA,等.家长对子女特点的自由描述--中国儿童样本对"大五"人格结构的验证,心理学报,1995,27(3):281-287
[16] Hastings PD,Rubin KH,Chen HC et al.Child-Rearing Attitudes and Behavioral Inhibition in Chinese and Canadian Toddlers:A cross-cultural study,Developmental Psychology,1998,34(4):677-686
[17] Asendorpf JB,Marcel AG,Aken V.Resilient,Over-controlled,and Under-controlled Personality Prototypes in Childhood,Replicability,predictive power,and the TraitType Issue,1999,Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1999,77,4:815-832
[18] Harter D,Hofmann V,Edelstein W,et al.The Relation of Childhood Personality Types to Adolescent Behavior and Development:A Longitudinal Study of Icelandic Children,Developmental Psychology,1997,33:195-205

服务与反馈：

【文章下载】【加入收藏】