中国临床心理学杂志

心理咨询师的职业选择?——与教师、工程技术人员的比较

作者：许丹¹ 李强²

单位：1 浙江工业大学心理学系社会和谐与心理健康促进研究中心杭州 310023
2 南开大学社会心理学系天津 300071

分类号：R395.5

出版年,卷(期):页码：2014,22(3):546-551

摘要：

目的:旨在了解哪些因素对我国心理咨询师的职业选择有影响及其作用。方法:以"成为心理治疗师的影响因素"(IBT)问卷修订版为工具,采用问卷调查法对心理咨询师、教师、工程技术人员的个人经历和职业动机进行调查和分析。结果:心理咨询师的坎坷道路、人际疏离、家庭烦扰经历和自我与人际和谐、职业利他动机得分显著高于教师和工程技术人员(Ps<0.001);职业回报和追求卓越动机得分显著高于教师(Ps<0.001);职业榜样得分则显著低于其他两个职业群体(F(2,315)=14.52,P<0.001);人际卷入得分显著低于教师(F(2,315)=9.789,P<0.001),三者的他人激励得分差异不具有统计学意义(F(2,315)=0.928,P=0.397)。结论:创伤经历、自助和助人动机是影响心理咨询师选择职业的特殊因素,起着定向作用;重要他人的鼓励和职业回报、追求卓越动机坚定了他们的职业选择,是一般影响因素;职业榜样和人际卷入并非影响我国心理咨询从业者选择职业的主要因素。

Objective: To investigate the influencing factors of the career choice for psychological counselor. Methods:A survey was conducted among psychological counselors, teachers and engineers with"Influences on Becoming a Thera-pist-Revision" (IBT-R) questionnaire, which coveres personal experience and career motivation. Results: Compared toteachers and engineers, the scores of psychological counselors were significant higher on frustrating life, interpersonal alien-ation, family troubles, self and interpersonal harmony and professional altruism(Ps<0.001), but lower on Professional Modeland(P<0.001). And psychological counselors presented higher socres on the occupational rewards and pursuit of excellence(Ps<0.001), but lower interpersonal involvement than teachers(P<0.001). Conclusion: Experience of trauma, motivation ofself-help and helping others are distinct factors, which influences the career choice of psychological counselors. Encourage-ment from significant others, rewards and pursuit of excellence are common factors contributing to their choice confirma-tion. Professional model and wish to involve others' life are not primary factors for their career choice.

基金项目：

教育部人文社科青年项目(12YJCZH234);浙江工业大学人文社科研究中心课题(108001653)

作者简介：

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