|
目的:探讨中学生自我构念和主观幸福感之间的关系。方法:采用自我构念量表、自尊量表、领悟社会支持量表、生活满意度量表及情感量表测量582名在校中学生。结果:①除依存自我和自尊之间相关较低外,依存自我、独立自我、自尊、社会支持及主观幸福感等两两之间相关显著(r在0.19和0.53之间,P<0.01)。②依存自我和独立自我得分高的个体在自尊、社会支持及主观幸福感等方面都显著高于得分低的个体(P<0.001)。③多层回归分析和进一步Sobel检验表明,社会支持在依存自我与主观幸福感之间发挥着部分中介作用(Z=3.95,P<0.05),社会支持和自尊在独立自我与主观幸福感之间都发挥着完全中介作用(Z=2.11,Z=3.59,P<0.05)。④通过构建结构方程模型验证了自我构念通过社会支持及自尊对主观幸福感有着直接和间接的预测作用,依存自我对主观幸福感的直接预测效应达13.2%,通过社会支持对主观幸福感的间接预测作用达9.4%,对幸福感的总预测效应达22.6%;独立自我对主观幸福感无直接影响,通过社会支持和自尊起间接作用,间接预测效应达14.8%。结论:依存自我对主观幸福感有直接作用,并通过社会支持这一中介来影响主观幸福感,独立自我仅通过社会支持和自尊起间接作用。
|
|
Objective:To probe into the relationship between self-construal and subjective well-being in middle school students.Methods:582 middle school students were measured with SCS, SES, PSSS, SWLS and PANAS.Results:①All the correlations between interdependent self-construal, independent self-construal, self-esteem, social support and subjec tive well-being were significant(r =0.19～0.53) except that between interdependent self-construal and self-esteem. ②Indi viduals with high scores on both interdependent and independent self-construal scales were significantly higher in self-es teem, social support and subjective well-being than those with low scores(P<0.001). ③Hierarchical regression analysis and further Sobel tests revealed that social support partially mediated the effect of interdependent self-construal on subjective well-being(Z=3.95,P<0.05), and that social support and self-esteem entirely mediated the effect of independent self-con strual on subjective well-being(Z=2.11,Z=3.59,P<0.05). ④Structural equation model verified the direct effect of self-con strual on subjective well-being and indirect effect through the mediators of social support and self-esteem. Interdependent self-construal could account for 13.2% of subjective well-being covariance directly and 9.4% indirectly through social sup port, with total predictive affect reaching 22.6%. Independent self-construal had no direct effect on subjective well-being and accounted for 14.8% indirectly through social support and self-esteem.Conclusion:Interdependent self-construal could predict subjective well-being both directly and indirectly through the mediation of social support, while independent self-construal only indirectly influences subjective well-being through social support and self-esteem.
|
|
1 Diener E. Subjective well- being. Psychological Bulletin,1984, 95(3): 542-575
2 Diener E, Tay L. Needs and subjective well-being aroundthe world. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,2011, 101(2): 354-365
3 Suh EM, Diener ED, Updegraff JA. From culture to primingconditions：Self- construal influences on life satisfactionjudgments. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , 2008, 39(1): 3-15
4 Gardner WL, Gabriel S, Lee AY.“I”value freedom, but“we” value relationships: self-construal priming mirrors cu-ltural differences in judgment. Psychological Science, 1999,10(4): 321-326
5 Markus HR, Kitayama S. Culture and the self: Implicationsfor cognition, emotion and motivation. Psychological Review,1991, 98(2): 224-253
6 Suh, EM. Self, the hyphen between culture and subjectivewell-being. In Diener E, Suh EM. Culture and subjectivewell-being. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2000. 63-86
7 Kitayama S, Markus HR, Kurokawa M. Culture, emotion,and well- being: Good feelings in Japan and the UnitedStates. Cognition and Emotion, 2000, 14: 93-124
8 Diener E, Diener M. Cross-cultural correlates of life satisfa-ction and self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psy-chology,1995, 68(4): 653-663
9 Kwan VSY, Bond MH, Singelis TM. Pan-cultural explana-tions for life satisfaction: Adding relationship harmony toself-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1997, 73(5): 1038-1051
10 Chang WC, Osman MMB, Tong EMW, et al. Self-construaland subjective wellbeing in two ethnic communities in Sing-apore. Psychology, 2011, 2(2): 63-70
11 Brewer MB, Chen Y. Where(who) are collectives in collectiv-ism? Toward conceptual clarification of individualism andcollectivism. Psychological Review, 2007, 114(1): 133-151
12 Cheng C, Jose PE, Sheldon KM. Socio-cultural differencesin self-construal and subjective well-being: A test of fourcultural models. Journal of Cross- Cultural Psychology,2011, 42(5): 832-855
13 Lu L. Culture, self, and subjective well-being: Cultural psy-chikigical and social change perspectives. Psychologia,2008, 51: 290-303
14 Lu L, Yang KS. The emergence and composition of the tradi-tional-modern bicultural self of people in contemporary Tai-wanese societies. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 2006, 9(3): 167-175
15 李志勇，吴明证. 大学生社会支持与主观幸福感的关系：自我和谐的中介作用. 中国临床心理学杂志，2010，18(3)：346-348
16 郑雪，严标宾，邱林，等著. 幸福心理学．广州：暨南大学出版社，2004. 182-183，53-65
17 黄任之，刘明矾，姚树桥，等. 自我结构量表在中国大学生中应用的信效度分析. 中国临床心理学杂志，2009，17(3)：306-308
18 江向东，王希林，马弘，等. 心理卫生评定量表手册. 北京：中国心理卫生杂志社，1999
19 Lu L, Gilmour R, Kao SF, et al. Two ways to achieve happi-ness: when the East meets the West. Personality and Indivi-dual Differences, 2001, 30(7): 1161-1174
20 Markus HR, Kitayama S. Cultures and selves：A cycle ofmutual constitution perspectives. Psychological Science,2010, 5(4): 420-430
21 Lam BT. Self-construal and socio-emotional developmentamong Vietnamese-American adolescents: An examinationof different types of self-construal. International Journal ofBehavioral Development, 2006, 30(1): 67-75
22 段洋，陆柯雯，任孝鹏. 自我与幸福感：关系和谐、 自尊的中介作用. 中国临床心理学杂志，2013，21(2)：317-319
23 Pouliasi K, Verkuyten M. Self-evaluations, psychologicalwell-being, and cultural context: The changing Greek soci-ety. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2011, 42(5): 875-890
|