中国临床心理学杂志

ADHD倾向小学生的箱庭作品特征研究

作者：张雯¹ 张日昇² 王文姬¹

单位：1. 中华女子学院儿童发展与教育学院北京 100101
2. 北京师范大学发展心理研究所北京 100875

分类号：R395.5

出版年,卷(期):页码：2013,21(6):992-996

摘要：

目的:考察ADHD倾向小学生的箱庭作品特征,为进一步使用箱庭疗法进行ADHD的治疗提供作品方面的信息和线索。方法:采用实验组对照组设计,对两组被试的初始箱庭作品进行分析。实验组和控制组均为27人,其中22名男生,5名女生;三年级17名,四年级10名。结果:与对照组正常小学生相比,ADHD倾向小学生的箱庭作品呈现如下特征:①箱庭玩具使用数量和种类较多,多使用动物、交通工具、军事工具等能量强大的玩具类型,作品多呈现出混乱无组织的场景。②箱庭作品多呈现创伤主题,如战争、车祸等。③在箱庭作品中大幅度动沙,甚至是破坏性动沙,情绪色彩明显。④箱庭制作时间很长,玩具移动频繁,作品会占满整个沙箱,甚至放在沙箱的边缘上。⑤ADHD倾向小学生的作品整合性较弱、流动性较弱、动力性较强、破坏性较大。结论:初始箱庭作品能在一定程度上反映ADHD倾向小学生心理能量强大、自我控制能力较弱、自我边界不清晰、负性情绪较多等心理特点和症状表现,为进一步心理治疗提供了有意义的信息和线索。

Objective:To explore the characteristics of sandplay productions of Pupils with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) tendency, and discuss detailed and special sandplay therapy for ADHD.Methods:27 participants(22 were male, 5 were female) both in experimental group and control group were asked to make an initial sandplay.Results:Compare with the control group, characteristics of sandplay productions of the experimental group were: numbers and categories of sandplay miniatures were larger; sandtray scene was more chaotic and disorganized; sandplay theme was more trauma-related, such as war and car accident, touching sand and working with sand in a more destroyed manner and more furious emotions; making-time was longer, and sandplay productions were displaced more frequently; the sandbox was over flowed by the miniatures to the edge of the sandbox; there were lower integration and liquidity, higher energy and destruc tiveness.Conclusion:Initial sandplay productions could present to some extent mental problems and symptoms of Pupils with ADHD tendency, such as their powerful energy, week self-control, ambiguous ego-boundary and negative emotions,which were very helpful to use sandplay therapy for ADHD.

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作者简介：

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