中国临床心理学杂志

信息提供者身份对学前儿童选择性信任的影响

作者：马卓娅张优刘靖王异芳

单位：1. 首都师范大学心理学院北京 100048 2. 首都师范大学附属幼儿园北京 100048

关键词：选择性信任权威身份教师同伴

分类号：R395.1

出版年,卷(期):页码：2017,25(5):820-823

摘要：

目的：选择性信任是发展心理学领域新兴的研究热点，它是指儿童对信息提供者的一种有区别选择。本研究考察当两位不同身份的信息提供者做出相同行为、陈述相同陈词时，儿童是否会有不同反应。方法：120名3-5岁的儿童在面对两类不同材料（两可图片、两难故事）时，当教师和同伴两种身份的信息提供者同样表达出与被试相反的观点时，观察被试的选择性信任倾向。结果：方差分析表明，儿童在教师组的观点改变率明显高于同伴组（P<0.01）；儿童在故事任务上的观点改变率明显高于图片任务（P<0.01）；材料类型和信息提供者身份的交互作用显著（P<0.05）。结论：与同伴相比，3-5岁儿童更愿意信任教师；3-5岁儿童的选择性信任受到材料类型的影响，与两可图形材料相比，3-5岁儿童更容易在道德两难问题上信任教师的信息；相比于两可图形情境，3-5岁儿童在两难故事情境中受教师影响的程度更大。

Objective: In recent years, selective trust which refers to children's different selection to informant has been a newly-developed research topic in the area of developmental psychology. Methods: In the study, 120 children aged 3-5-years were tested, using a single source paradigm to investigate the subjects'tendency to selective trust when they face to different materials(Ambiguous Figure, dilemma story), and different people's(teacher, peer) view that is against themselves. Results: Analysis of variance showed that the rate of change of the view of children in the teacher group was significantly higher than that of the peer group(P<0.01);The rate of change of view of children in the story task was signifi-cantly higher than that of picture task(P<0.01); There was also an interaction between types of task and types of identity con-dition(P<0.05). Conclusion: Compared with peers, 3-5-years old children are more willing to trust teachers. Three-tofive-year-old children's selective trusts are also influenced by the material types. Compared to pictures, children are more likely to be convinced by the different suggestions from informant when facing moral dilemma stories. Compared to the am-biguous figures situation, 3-5 years old children are more influenced by teachers in the dilemma story situation.

基金项目：

国家自然科学基金项目（31371058）；2016年度国家新闻出版广电总局广播影视部级社科研究项目（GD1608）

作者简介：

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