中国临床心理学杂志

权力刻板印象的内容及其对自发特质推理的影响

作者：王美芳史文凤颜丙淦杨峰

分类号：R395.1

出版年,卷(期):页码：2017,25(3):406-411

摘要：

目的：从热情和能力两维度考察权力刻板印象的内容及其对自发特质推理的影响。方法：实验1采用内隐联想测验，分别从能力（实验1a）和热情（实验1b）两个维度考察权力刻板印象的内容；实验2采用探测词再认范式考察权力刻板印象对自发特质推理的影响。结果：实验1发现，被试倾向于将高能力词、低热情词与高权力者相联系，倾向于将低能力词、高热情词与低权力者相联系。实验2发现，被试再认热情特质词的反应时显著长于再认能力特质词，再认消极特质词的反应时显著长于再认积极特质词；当行为者是高权力者时，被试再认低热情特质词的反应时显著长于高热情特质词；当行为者是低权力者时，被试再认低能力特质词的反应时显著长于高能力特质词。结论：人们持有高权力者高能力低热情、低权力者低能力高热情的混合刻板印象；权力刻板印象对自发特质推理的影响主要表现为消极权力刻板印象的效应。

Objective: To explore the content of power stereotypes on warmth and competence dimensions and the effects of power stereotypes on spontaneous trait inference(STI). Methods: In Experiment 1, An Implicit Association Test (IAT) was used to explore the content of power stereotypes on competence and warmth dimensions. In Experiment 2, a probe recognition paradigm was adopted to explore the influences of power stereotypes on STIs. Results: In Experiment 1,participants tended to associate powerful individuals with traits concerning high competence or low warmth, and associate powerless individuals with traits concerning low competence or high warmth. In experiment 2, the reaction times(RTs) to warmth traits were significantly longer than those to competence traits, and the RTs to negative traits were significantly longer than those to positive traits. The RTs to low warmth traits were significant longer than those to high warmth traits when actors of behaviors were powerful individuals, while the RTs to low competence traits were significantly longer than those to high competence traits when actors of behaviors were powerless individuals. Conclusion: Individuals tend to hold a mixed stereotype that powerful individuals are high on the competence dimension but low on the warmth dimension, and powerless individuals are low on the competence dimension but high on the warmth competence.

基金项目：

本研究受到国家自然科学基金项目资助（31271104）

作者简介：

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