中国临床心理学杂志

短期冥想训练研究进展、问题及展望

作者：王玉正罗非

单位：1. 中国科学院心理健康重点实验室(中国科学院心理研究所) 北京 100101 2. 中国科学院大学心理系北京 100049

关键词：冥想短期效果影响因素

分类号：R395.5

出版年,卷(期):页码：2017,25(6):1184-1190

摘要：

目前，越来越多的人参与到冥想练习之中。短期冥想训练效果如何，也得到了研究者们的关注。通过整理近十年短期冥想训练（训练时间短于八周）研究，发现短期冥想训练的主要效果包括：提升冥想水平，改善情绪状态，加强认知功能，增强创造力，减少成瘾行为，提高疼痛耐受，调节自主神经系统，减少皮质醇释放，增加分泌性免疫球蛋白A，改变脑电活动，甚至改变大脑白质的神经可塑性。未来需要把握不同时程冥想训练的特点，借鉴有益因素，完善训练方案；提高参与者动机，降低脱落率；并且建立行业标准，加强指导者资质审核；建立冥想评定指标等，以便更多的参与者从中受益。

Presently, more and more people have been participating in a form of meditation practice. Therefore, investi-gators are becoming increasingly interested in the effectiveness of short-term meditation. After reviewing the relevant re-search literatures in the last decade, we found that short-term training of meditation may produce ①positive changes of mindfulness level and emotional state; ②improved cognitive function and creativity; ③reduction of addictive behaviors; ④ increased pain tolerance; ⑤better regulation of the autonomic nervous system; ⑥decreased cortisol release; ⑦increased se-cretory immunoglobulin A; ⑧alteredelectroencephalographical activities; and ⑨plastical changes in brain connection. Fu-ture studies should differentiate the characteristics of meditation training with different duration, investigate the ways to pro-mote the motivation of participants, to reduce dropout rate, and to improve the training programs. Moreover, criterions relat-ed with meditative training should be established for the qualification of instructors and the evaluation of training programs.

基金项目：

国家自然科学基金面上项目（31471061）；中美宗教文化比较研究项目（FP04LF）

作者简介：

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