中国临床心理学杂志

个体主义常用的测量方法及评述

作者：黄任之¹ 2 任孝鹏¹ 黄敏³

单位：1. 湖南第一师范学院教科系长沙 4102053
2. 中国科学院心理研究所行为科学重点实验室北京 100101
3. 四川邻水第二中学广安 638500

分类号：R395.1

出版年,卷(期):页码：2016,24(6):1034-1037

摘要：

个体主义的测量方法主要有三类：自我报告法、内隐测量和心外之物（outside the head）的客观测量指标。前两种被称为经典的测量方法，第三种方法是通过测量客观实在的、具有文化特征的产品，简称文化产品（cultural products）来评估个体主义的水平，这可以作为研究文化差异和文化动力学的补充方法。其理论基础在于，文化产品可以作为人被文化塑造的一个明证。

Three general approaches were usually used by researchers to measure individualism and they were self-report, implicit study and tangible cultural products outside the head. The former two ways were empirical measures. The Cultural products were defined as tangible, shared representations of culture. The theory basis could be illustrated that cultural products are therefore one manifestation of the person-shaped culture.

基金项目：

湖南教改课题（[2014]NO.419）；湖南省科技厅科研项目（2014FJ3139）

作者简介：

参考文献：

1 Hofstede G, Bond MH. Hofstede's culture dimensions:An independent validation using Rokeach's value survey. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1984, 15(4):417-433
2 Triandis HC. Individualism and collectivism. Boulder, CO:Westview Press, 1995
3 Bhawuk DPS, Brislin R. The measurement of intercultural sensitivity using the concepts of individualism and collectivism. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 1992, 16(4):413-436
4 Fenigstein A, Scheier MF, Buss A. Public and private selfconsciousenes. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1975, 43:522-527
5 Hui CH. Individualism-collectivism:theory, measurement and its relation to reward allocation. Doctoral dissertation of University of Illinois, Urbana, 1984
6 Oyserman D, Markus HR. The sociocultural self. In J Suls (Ed.), The self in social perspective. Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum, 1993
7 Chan DK. Colindex:A refinement of three Collectivism measures. In U Kim, HC Triandis, C Kagitcibasi, SC Choi, G Yoon(Eds). Individualism and collectivism:theory, methods, and applications. Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage, 1994
8 Singelis TM. The measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1994, 20:580-591
9 Triandis HC, Chen XP, Chan DK. Scenarios for the measurement of collectivism and individualism. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1998, 29(2):275-289
10 Trandis HC, Gelfand. Converging measurement of horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1998, 74(1):118-128
11 Singelis TM, Triandis HC, Bhawuk DPS, Gelfand MJ. Horizontal and Vertical Dimensions of Individualism and Collectivism:A Theoretical and Measurement Refinement. Cross-Cultural Research, 1995, 29:240-75
12 Trafimow D, Triandis HC, Goto SG. Some tests of the distinction between the private self and the collective self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1991, 60(5):649-655
13 Gardner WL, Gabriel S, Lee AY."I" value freedom, but "we" value relationships:Self-construal priming mirrors cultural differences in judgment. Psychological Science, 1999, 10(4):321-326
14 柴俊武,赵广志,等. 自我概念对两类怀旧广告诉求有效应的影响. 心理学报,2011,43(3):308-321
15 Brewer MB, Chen Y. Where(who) are collectives in collectivism? Toward conceptual clarification of individualism and collectivism. Psychological Review, 2007, 114:133-151
16 Kitayama S, Park H. Cultural shaping of self, emotion, and well-being:How does it work? Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2007, 1:202-222
17 Duffy S, Uchida Y, Kitayama S. Symbolic self-inflation:A cross-cultural comparison. Unpublished manuscript, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, University College-Camden, 2008
18 黄任之. 青少年的个体主义-集体主义的外显特点和内隐特征研究. 博士学位论文. 长沙:中南大学,2008
19 Kuhn MT, McPartland T. An empirical investigation of selfattitudes. American Sociological Review, 1954, 19:68-76
20 Levine RV, Norenzayan A. The pace of life in 31 countries. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1990, 30(2):178-205
21 Lamoreaux and Morling. Outside the Head and Outside Individualism-Collectivism:Further Meta-Analyses of Cultural Products. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2012, 43(2):299-327
22 Sue CA, Telles EE. Assimilation and gender in naming. American Journal of Sociology, 2007, 112:1383-1415
23 Michael EW, Varnum, Shinobu Kitayama. What's in a Name? Popular names are less common on Frontiers. Psychological Science, 2010, 22(2):176-183
24 Vargas JH, Kemmelmeier M. Ethnicity and contemporary American culture:A meta-analytic investigation of Horizontal-Vertical Individualism-Collectivism. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2013, 44(2):195-222
25 Oyserman D, Lee SW. Does culture influence what and how we think? Effects of priming individualism and collectivism. Psychological Bulletin, 2008, 134(2):311-342
26 Kitayama S, Uskul AK. Culture, mind, and the brain:Current evidence and future directions. Annual Review of Psychology, 2011, 62:419-449
27 苏红,任孝鹏. 名字的心理效应:来自个体层面和群体层面的证据. 心理科学进展,2015,23(5):879-887
28 Twenge JM, Campbell WK, Gentile B. Increases in individualistic words and phrases in American books, 1960-2008. PloS One, 2012, 7(7):e40181
29 苏红,任孝鹏. 个体主义的地区差异和代际变迁. 心理科学进展,2014,22(6):1006-1015

服务与反馈：

【文章下载】【加入收藏】