中国临床心理学杂志

单独受排斥与共同受排斥对个体基本需要的损害

作者：李森¹ 刘盼盼² 张登浩¹

单位：1. 中国人民大学心理学系北京 100872
2. 河北师范大学心理系石家庄 050000

分类号：R395.1

出版年,卷(期):页码：2016,24(6):980-984

摘要：

目的：探讨共同受排斥与单独受排斥对个体基本需要损害的差异。方法：实验一采用想象范式，实验二采用相互认识范式，通过问卷测量被试的四种基本需要。实验三采用相互认识范式，比较与陌生人一起受排斥及与熟人一起受排斥后的基本需要差异。结果：实验一发现共同受排斥组比单独受排斥组在归属感和存在意义感上得分显著更高，自尊和控制感得分无显著差异。实验二发现共同受排斥组在四种基本需要上得分均显著更高。实验三表明与熟人一起受排斥比与陌生人一起受排斥在归属感和存在意义感上得分显著更高，自尊和控制感得分差异不显著。结论：与他人共同受排斥能缓解对受排斥者基本需要的损害，与熟人一起受排斥所起到的缓解作用更明显。

Objective: To explore the different damages to basic needs between participants excluded with cotargets and excluded alone. Methods: Experiment 1 and experiment 2 adopted the imagine paradigm and get-acquainted paradigm respectively to activate social exclusion, and four basic needs were measured with Basic Needs Questionnaire. In experiment 3, we further compared the differences between being excluded with a stranger and excluded with an acquaintance using get-acquainted paradigm as experiment 2. Results: Experiment 1 verified that relative to being excluded alone, participants excluded with others had significantly higher scores in the sense of belonging and meaningful existence, but the differences in self-esteem and control were not significant; Experiment 2 demonstrated that it damaged less to all of the four basic needs when excluded with a cotarget than excluded alone; In experiment 3, the results showed that acquaintances can better alleviate the damage to the sense of belonging and meaningful existence, but not the self-esteem and control. Conclusion: Being excluded with a cotarget can alleviate the damage to fundamental needs, and this effect is more apparent when individuals are excluded with an acquaintance.

基金项目：

中国人民大学科学研究基金（中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助）项目（16XNA009）成果

作者简介：

参考文献：

1 Williams KD. Ostracism. Annual Review of Psychology, 2007, 58(1):425-452
2 Williams KD. Ostracism:The power of silence. Guilford Press, 2012
3 Ferris DL, Brown DJ, Berry JW, et al. The development and validation of the Workplace Ostracism Scale. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2008, 93(6):1348-1366
4 Baumeister RF, Leary MR. The need to belong:desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 1995, 117(3):497-529
5 Williams KD, Sommer KL. Social ostracism by coworkers:Does rejection lead to loafing or compensation?. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1997, 23(7):693-706
6 Sommer KL, Williams KD, Ciarocco NJ, et al. When silence speaks louder than words:Explorations into the intrapsychic and interpersonal consequences of social ostracism. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 2001, 23(4):225-243
7 van Beest I, Carter-Sowell AR, van Dijk E, et al. Groups being ostracized by groups:Is the pain shared, is recovery quicker, and are groups more likely to be aggressive?. Group Dynamics:Theory, Research, and Practice, 2012, 16(4):241-254
8 Teng F, Chen Z. Does social support reduce distress caused by ostracism? It depends on the level of one's self-esteem. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2012, 48(5):1192-1195
9 Ko LK, Lewis MA. The role of giving and receiving emotional support in depressive symptomatology among older couples:An application of the actor-partner interdependence model. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 2011, 28:83-99
10 Smart Richman L, Leary MR. Reactions to discrimination, stigmatization, ostracism, and other forms of interpersonal rejection:a multimotive model. Psychological Review, 2009, 116(2):365-383
11 马伟军. 共变信息的程度差异对归因的影响. 心理科学, 2011,34(6):1469-1475
12 Betts KR, Hinsz VB. Group marginalization:Extending research on interpersonal rejection to small groups. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2013, 17(4):355-370
13 Robinson SL, O'Reilly J, Wang W. Invisible at work an integrated model of workplace ostracism. Journal of Management, 2012, 39:203-231
14 Bernstein MJ, Claypool HM. Not all social exclusions are created equal:Emotional distress following social exclusion is moderated by exclusion paradigm. Social Influence, 2012, 7(2):113-130
15 Coan JA, Schaefer HS, Davidson RJ. Lending a hand social regulation of the neural response to threat. Psychological Science, 2006, 17(12):1032-1039
16 Mikulincer M, Shaver PR. Attachment in adulthood:Structure, dynamics, and change. Guilford Press, 2010
17 Karremans JC, Heslenfeld DJ, van Dillen LF, et al. Secure attachment partners attenuate neural responses to social exclusion:An fMRI investigation. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 2011, 81:44-50
18 Sacco DF, Bernstein MJ, Young SG, et al. Reactions to social inclusion and ostracism as a function of perceived in-group similarity. Group Dynamics:Theory, Research, and Practice, 2014,18(2):129-137
19 Pfundmair M, Graupmann V, Frey D, et al. The different behavioral intentions of collectivists and individualists in response to social exclusion. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2015, 41:363-378
20 Wirth JH, Sacco DF, Hugenberg K, et al. Eye gaze as relational evaluation:Averted eye gaze leads to feelings of ostracism and relational devaluation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2010, 36:869-882
21 王乃仟. 社会排斥后的无意识情绪调节. 硕士学位论文. 河南大学,2013
22 Twen JM, Baumeister RF, Tice DM, et al. If you can't join them, beat them:Effects of social exclusion on aggressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2001, 81:1058-1069
23 程苏,刘璐,郑涌. 社会排斥的研究范式与理论模型. 心理科学进展,2011,19(6):905-915
24 Riva P, Wirth JH, Williams KD. The consequences of pain:The social and physical pain overlap on psychological responses. European Journal of Social Psychology, 2011, 41(6):681-687
25 Joel S, Teper R, MacDonald G. People overestimate their willingness to reject potential romantic partners by overlooking their concern for other people. Psychological Science, 2014, 25:2233-2240
26 Blackhart GC, Knowles ML, Nelson BC, et al. Rejection elicits emotional reactions but neither causes immediate distress nor lowers self-esteem:A meta-analytic review of 192 studies on social exclusion. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2009, 13:269-309
27 Krause N. Longitudinal study of social support and meaning in life. Psychology and Aging, 2007, 22:456-469
28 Angel BØ. Foster Children's Sense of Sibling Belonging. SAGE Open, 2014, 4(1):1-10
29 Lambert NM, Stillman TF, Hicks JA, et al. To belong is to matter sense of belonging enhances meaning in life. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2013, 39:1418-1427

服务与反馈：

【文章下载】【加入收藏】