中国临床心理学杂志

认知内容特异性对高考试焦虑者工作记忆容量的影响

作者：张小聪¹ 2 董云英² 周仁来³ 4

单位：1. 南京中医药大学心理学院南京 210023
2. 东南大学学习科学研究中心南京 210096
3. 南京大学社会学院心理系南京 210023
4. 认知科学与学习国家重点实验室(北京师范大学) 北京 100875

分类号：R395.1

出版年,卷(期):页码：2016,24(6):976-979

摘要：

目的：考察认知内容特异性对高考试焦虑者工作记忆容量的影响。方法：创设高压力和低压力的测验情境，采用考试低相关-低威胁词、考试低相关-高威胁词、考试高相关-低威胁词和考试高相关-高威胁词为材料，分别测试高、低考试焦虑大学生的工作记忆容量。结果：在高压力测验情境下，高考试焦虑者对四类词语的工作记忆容量均显著低于低考试焦虑者；在低压力测验情境下，高考试焦虑者只对考试高相关词语的工作记忆容量显著低于低考试焦虑者；高、低考试焦虑者对高威胁词语的工作记忆容量都显著低于低威胁词。结论：认知内容特异性（考试高相关刺激）在低压力测验情境下会损害高考试焦虑者的工作记忆容量。

Objective: To explore the effects of cognitive content-specificity on working memory capacity in subjects with high test anxiety. Methods: Subjects were tested under high and low pressure experimental condition with test-unrelated low threat words, test-unrelated high threat words, test-related low threat words and test-related high threat words. Results: Subjects with high test anxiety showed significantly lower working memory capacity than subjects with low test anxiety under high pressure situation, and showed significantly lower working memory capacity to test related words than subjects with low test anxiety under low pressure situation; all subjects showed significantly lower working memory capacity to high threat words than low threat words. Conclusion: Working memory capacity of subjects with high test anxiety was impaired by cognitive content-specificity(test-related stimulus) under low pressure condition.

基金项目：

江苏省高校哲学社会科学基金项目（2012SJB190008）；国家自然科学基金项目资助（61203316）；南京中医药大学省局共建一期（健康养生研究中心）项目（SJGJ037）资助

作者简介：

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