中国临床心理学杂志

家庭环境、教养方式和人格对青少年违法的影响及影响路径

单位：1. 南京医科大学附属无锡精神卫生中心无锡 214151
2. 皖南医学院人文管理学院芜湖 241000

分类号：R395.2

出版年,卷(期):页码：2016,24(2):287-292

摘要：

目的：探讨家庭环境、教养方式和人格对青少年违法行为的影响及影响路径。方法：采用家庭环境量表中文版、家庭教养方式问卷、大五人格问卷简版和巴瑞特冲动人格问卷对290名14-25岁违法青少年和188名正常对照者进行调查，对数据进行回归分析及路径分析。结果：①Logistic回归分析显示教养方式（父亲民主，B=-0.87，RR=0.42；父亲放纵，B=0.83，RR=2.30；母亲宽容，B=-1.27，RR=0.28；父亲严厉，B=-0.91，RR=0.40；母亲溺爱，B=0.75，RR=2.12）、家庭环境（低亲密度，B=1.00，RR=2.73；高矛盾性，B=0.74，RR=2.11；高知识性，B=-0.55，RR=0.58；高道德观，B=0.99，RR=2.68；低道德观，B=-0.69，RR=0.50；低控制性，B=-0.45，RR=0.64）和人格特征（高开放性，B=-1.47，RR=0.23；高冲动性，B=1.37，RR=3.93；低冲动性，B=-0.55，RR=0.58）对青少年违法行为具有显著影响（P<0.05）；②结构方程分析显示教养方式对青少年违法行为既有直接影响（B=-0.16），也可通过人格（r=0.62）或通过家庭环境（r=0.57）和人格（r=0.52）间接影响违法行为（B=-0.33）。结论：教养方式、家庭环境和人格对青少年违法行为有重要影响，教养方式可直接或通过家庭环境和人格间接影响青少年违法。

Objective:To explore the effects of family environment, parenting style and personality on juvenile delin-quency. Methods:290 juvenile delinquency and 188 normal adolescents, aged 14-25, were surveyed with the Family En-vironment Scale-Chinese Version(FES-CV), Family Upbringing rearing style questionnaire(FUSQ), Big Five-factor Inven-tory(BFI-R) and Barrett Impulsiveness Scale(BIS-11), the data were analyzed by Logistic regression and structural equa-tion model. Results:①Logistic regression analyses showed that rearing styles, family environmentand personality had sig-nificant influences on juvenile delinquency(P<0.05). ②Structural equation analysis showed that rearing styles not only di-rectly impacted on juvenile delinquency(B=-0.16), but also indirectly affected the delinquency(B=-0.33) through personali-ty(r=0.62), family environment(r=0.57) and personality(r=0.52). Conclusion:The rearing pattern, family environment and personality have an important impact on juvenile delinquency, and parenting style may directly or indirectly affect juvenile delinquency through family environment and personality.

基金项目：

国家社会科学基金（13BSH062）

作者简介：

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