中国临床心理学杂志

公立小学儿童孤独症谱系障碍患病率及其影响因素

作者：田金来¹ 王丽英² 张向葵¹

单位：1. 东北师范大学心理学院长春 130024
2. 北华大学教育科学学院吉林 132000

分类号：R395.2

出版年,卷(期):页码：2016,24(2):277-281

摘要：

目的：了解公立小学儿童孤独症谱系障碍（ASDs）的患病率及其相关影响因素。方法：采用整群抽样法抽取吉林市某区14所公立小学6~11岁学龄儿童7463人，使用孤独症谱系障碍筛查量表（CAST）和教师提名相结合的方法初筛，继而对疑似ASDs儿童进行现场观察、评估和诊断，并分析其患病率和影响因素。结果：①ASDs的患病率为63.7/10000(95% CI 43.8/10000~83.6/10000)，男女比例为5.5/1；②与正常儿童（TD）相比，ASDs儿童在父（χ²=16.134，P<0.01）母（χ²=8.629，P<0.05）生育年龄、父亲是否有精神病史（χ²=15.610，P<0.01）、家庭月收入（χ²=36.807，P<0.01）、母亲孕期饮酒（χ²=11.238，P<0.01）等因素上存在显著差异。③Logistic回归分析显示家庭月收入≦1999元、儿童为男性、分娩胎位为肩位、父亲没有精神病史是ASDs的影响因素。结论：公立小学儿童ASDs患病率低于国外研究结果，本研究可以为国内学龄ASDs儿童的“系统筛查”和“融合教育”模式的建立提供实证支持。

Objective:To investigate the prevalence and related influencing factors of Autism spectrum disorders(ASDs) in public primary schools. Methods:7463 children aged 6-11 years were selected from all 14 public primary schools of 1 regions in Jinlin City by Cluster Sampling method, they were screened with the Childhood Autism Spectrum Test(CAST) and teacher nomination strategy at first. Then, the suspected children were observed, evaluated, and diagnosed so that we can analyze the prevalence and related influencing factors of Autism spectrum disorders(ASDs). Results:①The prevalence of children with ASDs in public primary schools was 63.7/10000(95% CI 43.8/10000~83.6/10000), the ratio of ASDs be-tween boys and girls was 5.5:1. ②There were significant differences in the distribution of paternal(χ²=16.134, P<0.01) and maternal(χ²=8.629, P<0.05) age, father's mental illness history(χ²=15.610, P<0.01), family monthly income(χ²=36.807, P<0.01), mother's alcohol consumption(χ²=11.238, P<0.01) during the pregnant time between ASDs and TD group. ③Logistic analysis showed that family monthly income≦1999yuan, male children, fetal childbirth is shoudler, father has not a history of mental illness were the related influencing factors to ASDs. Conclusion:The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in public primary schools is lower than that in other countries. This study can provide empirical supports to the systematic screening and the establishment of inclusive education for school-age children with ASDs.

基金项目：

国家社会科学基金一般项目（14BSH088）；十二五规划教育学一般课题（BBA130012）；奕阳教育研究院青年学者学术研究项目（SEI-QXZ-2015002）

作者简介：

参考文献：

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