Objective: To examine an ethnic self-reference effect for members of ethnic minorities in China at explicit and implicit levels, respectively. Methods: Remember-Know(R/K) procedure was used in behavioral experiment and Event-related brain potentials were recorded when participants performed Oddball tasks in the ERP experiment. Results: A behavioral experiment showed that there was no significant difference between self-ethnicity and Han regarding recogni-tion rate and R(remember) response. ERP experiment showed that the P2 amplitude elicited by self-ethnicity was larger than that elicited by Han and control ethnicity at the central and central-parietal sites. Self-ethnicity evoked a smaller N2 amplitude and larger P3 amplitude than Han and control ethnicity at all sites. Furthermore, this effect was more obvious in the left regional sites. Conclusion: The findings of this work suggest that there is no significant ethnic self-reference effect at the explicit level between ethnic minorities and Han. However, an ethnic self-reference effect was significant at an im-plicit level.

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