中国临床心理学杂志

消退后的恐惧返回:回溯性评估的影响

作者：曾庆¹ 贾艳蕾² 张俊华² 郑希付²

单位：1. 暨南大学心理健康教育中心广州510632
2. 华南师范大学心理学院广州510631

关键词：消退返回回溯性评估

分类号：R395.1

出版年,卷(期):页码：2015,23(3):416-420

摘要：

目的:探讨回溯性评估对恐惧消退返回的影响。方法:采用心理生理实验法, 引入双耳分听实验技术范式, 记录30名大学生被试对非条件性刺激(US)的预期值和对条件性刺激(CS)的皮肤电反应。结果:通过言语指导语告知被试"由于耳机故障, 所以刚才左侧耳机听不到声音, 右侧耳机一直运行正常"后, 被试对CSl的皮肤电反应和对US预期值显著高于CSr与CSn, 出现了显著的恐惧消退返回。结论:回溯性评估能够影响条件性恐惧的消退返回, 进一步证明命题模型的合理性, 为临床中更好实施暴露疗法提供了实验支持。

Objective: The study was designed to investigate the effect of retrospective revaluation on the return of fear after extinction. Methods: Participants were 14 male and 16 female college students. The experimental design was a 4 (phase: baseline, acquisition, extinction, test)×3(CS: CSl, CSr, CSn) within subjects. Two novel animal phones were presented as CS+s, one followed an unpleasant sound from the left headphone, labeled CSl, the other followed an unpleasant sound from the right headphone, labeled CSr. All the participants went through the same baseline, acquisition, extinction phases. Results: The skin conductance response and the unexpected stimuli(US) expectancy of CSl increased significantly compared to that of CSr and CSn. Conclusion: Retrospective inferences concerning the absence of the US during extinction may give rise to a return of fear.

基金项目：

国家自然科学基金(31371057)

作者简介：

参考文献：

1 刘宏艳, 王倩, 胡治国. 恐惧联结的习得及其脑机制研究. 中国临床心理学杂志, 2011, 19(6):766-768
2 Bouton ME. Context, time, and memory retrieval in the interference paradigms of Pavlovian learning. Psychological Bulletin, 1993,114: 80-99
3 Lovibond PF. Causal beliefs and conditioned responses: Retrospective revaluation induced by experience and by instruction. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2003, 29: 97-106
4 Houwer JD. The propositional approach to associative learning as an alternative for association formation models. Learning and Behavior, A Psychonomic Society Publication, 2009, 37: 1-20
5 Hermans D, Craske MG, Mineka S, et al. Extinction in human fear conditioning. Biological Psychiatry, 2006, 60: 361-368
6 Duarte A, Hearons P, Jiang YS, et al. Retrospective attention enhances visual working memory in the young but not the old: An ERP study. Psychophysiology, 2013, 50: 465-476
7 Klaus G, Harald L, David R. Within-compound associations in retrospective revaluation and in directlearning: A challenge for comparator theory. The Quarterly journal of experi-mental psychology. B, Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 2004, 57: 25-53
8 Raes AK, De Houwer J, Verschuere B, et al. Return of fear after retrospective inferences about the absence of an unconditioned stimulus during extinction. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2011, 49: 212-218
9 Bouton ME. Context, ambiguity, and unlearning: Sources of relapse after behavioral extinction. Biological Psychiatry, 2002, 52: 976-986
10 Di Sevenster, Beckers T, Merel K. Instructed extinction differentially affects the emotional and cognitive expression of associative fear memory. Psychophysiology, 2012, 49: 1426-1435
11 Field AP, Lawson J. The verbal information pathway to fear and sub-sequent causal learning in children. Cognition and Emotion, 2008, 22: 459-479
12 Prenoveau J, Michelle G, Craske, et al. Human fear conditioning and extinction: Timing is everything. . .or is it? Biological Psychology, 2012, 65: 1-10
13 Milad MR, Quirk GJ. Neruons in medial prefrontal cortex signal memory for fear extinction. Nature, 2002, 420: 70-74
14 Norrholm SD, Jovanovic T, Vervliet B, et al. Conditioned fear extinction and reinstatement in a human fear-potentiated startle paradigm. Learning and Memory, 2006, 13: 681-685
15 Colgan DM. Effect of instructions on the skin conductance response. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1970, 86:108-120
16 Carina CO, Benjamin JD, Field AP. An ERP study of the interaction between verbal information and conditioning pathway to fear. Biological Psychology, 2012, 2: 1-13

服务与反馈：

【文章下载】【加入收藏】