中国临床心理学杂志

不同民族创伤后应激反应模式比较的质性研究——汶川地震后对羌汉幸存者的访谈分析

作者：陈正根¹ 2 张雨青¹ 刘寅¹ 2 张宁¹ 2 吴坎坎¹

单位：1. 中国科学院心理研究所北京100101
2. 中国科学院研究生院北京100049

分类号：R749.5

出版年,卷(期):页码：2011,19(4):503-507

摘要：

目的：探讨汶川地震中羌汉民族间创伤后应激反应模式的差异，并分析其原因，为有效地对灾害幸存者进行心理救助和干预提供依据。方法：以2008年5.12汶川地震的重灾区北川为例，运用目的性抽样的方法，分别对23个羌族和23个汉族幸存者进行了个案访谈，收集了他们对地震灾难的认知方式、反应模式和应对方式等方面的资料。结果：羌汉民族间在创伤后应激反应模式上具有差异，羌族幸存者倾向于更直接的表达情绪和行为；而汉族幸存者则倾向于含蓄内敛化。同时，两个民族在对灾难的归因方式及应对方式上也存在一些差异。结论：羌汉民族间创伤后应激反应模式存在差异，这种差异部分可能是由于民族文化差异造成的，同时，资源保存理论也提供了很好的解释。

Objective:identify and explain the disaster response differences between the Qiang and Han ethnicgroups.Methods:With purposeful sampling,a sample of 46 victims(23 from the Qiang ethnic group and 23 from the Hanethnic group) of Beichuan Country were interviewed with four questions,including the stressor,the response way,the attributionaland coping style.Results:Ethnic groups differed in the posttraumatic stress response mode.The Qiang ethnicgroup tended to response in a direct and explicit way;while the Han ethnic group preferred to hide the emotion and behavior.They also differed in the style of attribution and coping.Conclusion:Ethnic groups differ in the posttraumaticstress response model.Additional analysis attempts to explain the difference in terms of cultural difference and conversationof resource theory.Lastly,culturally sensitive interventions should be paid more attention.

基金项目：

中科院心理所发展基金项目“震后心理应激反应的民族差异及其社会心理模式”(O9CX154015)；国家自然科学基金面上项目“自然灾害幸存者的创伤后成长”(Y0JJ453C01)资助

作者简介：

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