中国临床心理学杂志

锚定效应对事件时间估计的影响

作者：周丽清¹ 卢静怡² 卢佳³

单位：1. 杭州师范大学教科院浙江杭州 310036
2. 华中师范大学心理学院湖北武汉 430079
3. 温州大学教育学院浙江温州 325035

关键词：时距估计锚定与调整单位复述

分类号：R395.1

出版年,卷(期):页码：2012,20(4):465-468

摘要：

目的:探讨锚定值的单位形式、锚定方式、时距感觉能力三个因素对个体时距估计的影响。方法:运用实验法测定锚定效应的三个因素,共有58名大学生参与了本次实验。结果:对于不确定长度的时间间隔,基于小单位形式的估计比相应大单位的估计短;在物理时距锚、比较数字锚、复述数字锚以及无锚定值这四种不同的锚定方式条件下时距估计的锚定效应存在差异:其中物理时距估计组的估计值最短,控制组和数字锚复述组的估计值依次次之,数字锚比较组的估计值最大;个体的时距估计能力不会影响事件时间估计中的锚定效应。结论:锚定值的单位形式、锚定方式对个体时距估计有影响,但时距感觉能力对个体时距估计没有影响。

Objective: To explore which elements would affect the process of anchoring and judgment during estimating duration. The influence of the three elements was discussed on individuals' duration estimation in these experiments, including the form of unit, different tasks before estimation and the ability of duration estimation. Methods: A sample of 58 voluntary college students performed a set of estimating duration tasks, including baseline, estimating physical duration,comparing figures, and repeating anchoring figure tasks. There were totally 32 questions about daily life and randomly 8 questions each condition. The computer recorded each participant's reaction. Results: The experimental results revealed that estimating figures by minute was smaller than that by hour in terms of uncertain duration of real-life events(P＝0.034<0.05). Furthermore, the anchoring effect varied from four different experimental conditions (F(3,171)=6.408，P＝0.000<0.01).The task of repeating anchoring figure or estimating physical duration significantly affected participants' duration estimation.The order of results from larger number to smaller number was: the group of comparing figures, of repeating anchoring figure, of controlling condition and of estimating physical duration. What's more, the ability of duration perception didn't have an influence upon the anchoring effect （t＝0.770, P＝0.445>0.05）. Conclusion: Except for the ability of duration estimation,the form of unit and different tasks before estimation are the factors influencing individuals' duration estimation.

基金项目：

浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题(11JCJY04YB)

作者简介：

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