中国临床心理学杂志

心理理论、道德情绪与儿童公平行为的关系

作者：李占星牛玉柏曹贤才

分类号：R395.6

出版年,卷(期):页码：2014,22(2):324-328

摘要：

目的:考察3~6岁儿童心理理论、道德情绪与公平行为之间的关系。方法:选取132名3~6岁的儿童为被试,以儿童在独裁者博弈中的分配率作为公平行为的指标,以儿童两种水平错误信念理解的成绩作为心理理论发展水平的指标,以儿童两类道德情绪判断的成绩作为道德情绪发展水平的指标。结果:①随着年龄的增长,儿童的平均分配率逐渐上升,4~6岁儿童与3岁儿童之间呈现出显著差异。②儿童心理理论的水平、道德情绪发展的水平与公平行为之间均存在显著相关。③分层回归分析表明,一级错误信念理解的水平和自我作为损人者时道德情绪判断的状况均对公平行为起着显著的预测作用。④道德情绪判断在心理理论理解和公平分配率之间起着部分中介作用。结论:心理理论、道德情绪均可显著地预测公平行为,道德情绪在心理理论与公平行为之间起着部分中介作用。

Objective: To examine the relationships among children's theory of mind, moral emotion and fair behavior. Methods: A total of 132 3~6 children were selected as participants. The distribution rates in dictator game were set as the index of fair behavior. Besides, two false belief tasks were chosen to evaluate their levels of theory of mind and, two questions about moral emotion judgment were asked to evaluate their development of moral emotion. Results: ①Children's distribution ratio increased following the age increase, with preschoolers over 4-year-old tending to allocate more than 3-year- old children. ②Both children's level of theory of mind and moral emotion judgment were significantly correlated with their fair behavior. ③A hierarchical regression analysis indicated that children's understanding of first-order false belief and outcome in self-as-victimizer moral emotion judgment can significantly predict the fair behavior. ④Moral emotion judgment served as a mediating role between theory of mind understanding and fair behavior. Conclusion: Theory of mind and moral emotion could significantly predict children's fair behavior, and moral emotion partly mediates the effect of theory of mind on fair behavior.

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