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目的：探讨不同时程温和应激对大鼠海马神经元、外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法：采用温和应激刺激建立不同应激时程动物模型,以血清皮质醇和旷场行为作为应激状态的指标,观察不同时程温和应激对大鼠海马神经元形态、外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的动态影响。结果：温和应激第7天,海马神经元肿胀、淡染、排列稀疏;应激第14天,细胞萎缩,间隙增大,细胞层次变稀、中断;应激第21天,出现大量细胞坏死。外周血CD3+、CD4+T淋巴细胞数在应激7天组、14天组和21天组显著低于对照组。CD4/CD8+比率在应激7天组、14天组显著低于对照组。T淋巴细胞亚群的变化趋势为CD3+、CD4+T淋巴细胞数和CD4/CD8+比率均在应激7天降低,应激14天时为最低水平,应激21天回升。旷场行为在应激7天、应激14天、应激21天均显著高于对照组,其中应激14天旷场运动得分最高。血清皮质醇水平在应激7天组和14天组显著高于对照组,应激21天时回落。结论：温和应激7天导致海马神经元损伤、细胞免疫功能抑制和稳态失衡,明显紊乱出现在应激14天,持续至应激21天。外周血T淋巴细胞亚群可作为应激的指标之一。
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Objective: To explore the dynamic changes of hippocampal neurons morphology, and T lymphocyte subsets exposed to different duration of mild stress. Methods: Using mild stress to build different duration of stress animal model,morphological changes of hippocampal neurons, the T lymphocyte subsets in blood were measured, while serum cortisol level and the behaviors in open field test were measured as the stress level. Results: After exposed to mild stress, cell swell and hypochromatic, cell shrunk and intercellular spaces appeared on the 7th day, neurons degeneration was observed on the 14th day, and neuronal necrosis on the 21th day in hippocampus. The numbers of CD3+, CD4+T lymphocyte subsets in the 7, 14, 21 days stressed groups were lower than control group, and 14 days stressed group had the least numbers of CD3+, CD4+T lymphocyte subsets among three stressed groups. CD4/CD8+ ratio was remarkably lower in 7 days and14 days stressed groups than control group, and the 14 days stressed group had the lowest level of CD4/CD8+ ratio. The total movements of open field test in 7, 14 and 21 days stressed group were higher than those in control group. The levels of serum cortisol were higher in 7 and 14 days stressed groups and dropped in 21 days stressed group. Conclusion: 7days mild stress induces neurons damage in hippocampus. Meanwhile, the mild stress decreases the function of T lymphocyte subsets and induces imbalance of cellular immunity function, the obvious changes of which appear on the 14th stressed day. Blood T lymphocyte subsets could be used as biomarkers of stress.
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