中国临床心理学杂志

Gender Differences in Emotion Regulation Strategies in Adolescents

作者：ZHAO Xin¹ ZHANG Run-zhu¹ ZHENG Kai²

单位：1 西北师范大学心理学院行为康复训练研究中心兰州 730070
2 防灾科技学院北京 101601

分类号：R395.6

出版年,卷(期):页码：2014,22(5):849-854

摘要：

本研究以900名13-18岁的青少年群体作为被试,采用斯坦福情绪调节量表中文版,调查了这一阶段个体情绪调节策略使用频率的性别差异。结果发现被试认知重评使用频率的性别差异、年龄差异以及二者的交互作用均不显著,表达抑制策略使用频率的性别差异和年龄差异显著,二者的交互作用不显著。进一步研究在控制了被试的人格特质和积极消极情绪体验后发现,女性认知重评策略的使用频率显著高于男性。

We used the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire(ERQ) to examine gender differences in emotion regulation strategies among 900 adolescents aged 13-18. In our sample, male adolescents were more likely than female adolescents to report using expression suppression strategies, even after statistically controlling for agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and positive emotional experiences. There were no significant gender differences in the use of cognitive reappraisal, but af ter controlling for neuroticism and positive emotional experiences, females were more likely to use this strategy than males. No significant age differences emerged in the use of cognitive reappraisal. Age differences were found in that 15-, 16-, and 18-year-old adolescents were more likely than 13- and 14-year-olds to report using expression suppression strategies. There was no significant interaction between age and gender for any emotional regulation strategies.

基金项目：

国家自然科学基金青年项目(31300838);北京市应用实验心理北京市重点实验室开放课题(2013);甘肃省教育科学“十二五”规划课题重点项目(GS[2013]GHBZ086);西北师范大学青年教师科研能力提升计划(SKQNYB12009)的部分资助

作者简介：

参考文献：

1 Balzarotti, S., John, O. P., & Gross, J. J. (2010). An Italian adap tation of the emotion regulation questionnaire. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 26(1), 61-67
2 Blanchard-Fields, F., Stein, R., & Watson, T. L. (2004). Age dif ferences in Emotion Regulation Strategies in handling Everyday Problems. Journal of Gerontology: psychological sciences, 6 (56B), 261-268
3 Casey, B. J., Tottenham, N., Liston, C., & Durston, S. (2005). Imagine the developing brain: what have we learned about cogni tive development? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9, 104-110
4 Cabello, R., Salguero, J. M., Fernández-Berrocal, P., & Gross, J. J. (2013). A Spanish Adaptation of the Emotion Regulation Ques tionnaire. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 29(4), 234-240
5 Cole, P. M., Michel, M. K., & Teti, L. O. D. (1994). The develop ment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: A clinical per spective. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Devel opment, 59(2-3), 73-102
6 Durston, S., Davidson, M. C., Tottenham, N., Galvan, A., Spicer, J., Fossella, J. A., & Casey, B. J. (2006). A shift from diffuse to focal cortical activity with development. Development Sciences, 9, 1-8
7 Eisenberg, N. (2004). Emotion-related regulation: a merging construct. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 50, 236-259
8 English, T., Gross, J. J., John, O. P., & Srivastava, S. (2012). Emotion regulation and peer-rated social functioning: A 4-year longitudinal study. Journal of Research in Personality, 46, 780-784
9 Flynn, J. J., Hollenstein, T., & Mackey, A. (2010). The effect of suppressing and not accepting emotions on depressive symp toms: Is expression suppression different for men and women? Personality and Individual Differences, 49, 582-586
10 Fujita, F., Diener, E., & Sandvik, E. (1991). Gender differences in negative affect and well-being: the case for emotional intensi ty. Journal of personality and social psychology, 61(3), 427
11 Gogtay, N., Giedd, J. N., Lusk, L., Hayashi, K. M., Greenstein, D., Vaituzis, A. C., Thompson, P. M. (2004). Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood through early adulthood. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101, 8174-8179
12 Gresham, D., & Gullone, E. (2012). Emotion regulation strategy use in children and adolescents: The explanatory roles of person ality and attachment. Personality and Individual Differences, 52 (5), 616-621
13 Griffith, M. A., Dubow, E. F., & Ippolito, M. F. (2000). Develop mental and cross-situational differences in adolescents' coping strategies. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 29(2), 183-204
14 Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (1998). Mapping the domain of emo tional expressivity: Multi-method evidence for a hierarchical model. Journal of personality and social psychology, 74, 170-191
15 Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual Differences in Two Emotion Regulation Processes: Implications for Affect, Relation ships, and Well-Being. Journal of Personality and Social Psy chology, 2(85), 348-362
16 Gullone, E., Hughes, E. K., King, N. J., & Tonge, B. (2010). The normative development of emotion regulation strategy use in chil dren and adolescents: a 2-year follow-up study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51(5), 567-574
17 Hoeksema, S. N., & Aldao, A. (2011). Gender and age differenc es in emotion regulation strategies and their relationship to de pressive symptoms. Personality and Individual Differences, 51, 704-708
18 Huang, L., Yang, Z. T., Ji, Z. M. (2003). Applicability of the Pos itive and Negative Affect Scale in Chinese. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 17(1), 54-56
19 John, O. P., & Gross, J. J. (2004). Healthy and Unhealthy Emo tion Regulation: Personality Processes, Individual Differences, and Life Span Development. Journal of Personality, 72(6), 1302-1310
20 Larson, R. W., Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Graef, R. (1980). Mood variability and the psycho social adjustment of adolescents. Jour nal of Youth and Adolescence, 9, 469-490
21 Larson, R. W., Moneta, G., Richards, M. H., & Wilson, S. (2002). Continuity, Stability, and change in daily emotional expe rience across adolescence. Child Development, 73, 1151-1165
22 Larson, R. W., & Richards, M. H. (1991). Daily companionship in late childhood and early adolescence: Changing developmen tal contexts. Child Development, 62, 284-300
23 Larson, R. W., & Richards, M. H. (1994). Family emotions: Do young adolescents and their parents experience the same states? Journal of Research on Adolescence, 4, 567-583
24 Li, Z.Q., Wang, L., Zhang, H. C., Liu, H. C. (2010). Personality and subjective well-being: The Mediating effect of the emotion regulation. Psychological Science, 33(1), 165-167
25 Liu, Q. G., Zhou, L. Q., (2012). Effect of personality on adoles cents‘ emotion regulation. Chineses Journal Behavior Medicine and Brain Science, 21(1), 79-81
26 Luna, B., Padmanabhan, A., & O' Hearn, K. (2010). What has fMRI told us about the development of cognitive control through adolescence? Brain and Cognition, 72, 101-113
27 McRae, K., Gross, J. J., Weber, J., Robertson, E. R., Sokol-Hes sner, P., Ray, R. D., Gabrieli, J. D. E., & Ochsner, K. N. (2012). The development of emotion regulation: an fMRI study of cogni tive reappraisal in children, adolescents and young adults. Scan, 7, 11-22
28 McRae, K., Jacobs, S. E., Ray, R. D., John, O. P., & Gross, J. J. (2012). Individual differences in cognitive reappraisal ability: Links to cognitive reappraisal frequency, well-being and cogni tive control. Journal of Research in Personality, 46, 2-7
29 McRae, K., Ochsner, K. N., Mauss, I. B., Gabrieli, J. J. D., & Gross, J. J. (2008). Gender Differences in Emotion Regulation: An fMRI Study of Cognitive reappraisal. Group Processes Inter group Relations, 11(2), 143-162
30 McRae, K., Silvers, J. A., Gabrieli, J. E., & Gross, J. J. (2012). Age-related Differences in Emotional Reactivity, Regulation, and Rejection Sensitivity in Adolescence. Emotion, 6(12), 1235-1247
31 Mischel, W., & Baker, N. (1975). Cognitive appraisals and trans formations in delay behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 254-261
32 Nie, Y. G., Yang, A., Zeng, M. X. (2011). The Relationship among Adolescents' Meta-cognition, Big Five Personality and Academic Adaptive Behavior. Psychological Development and Education, 2, 151-157
33 Opitz, P. C., Gross, J. J., & Urry, H. L. (2012). Selection, Optimi zation, and Compensation in the Domain of Emotion Regulation: Applications to Adolescence, Older Age, and Major Depressive Disoder. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 142-155
34 Stapley, J. C., & Haviland, J. M. (1989). Beyond depression: Gender differences in normal adolescents' emotional experienc es. Sex Roles, 20(5-6), 295-308
35 Tamres, L. K., Janicki, D., & Helgeson, V. S. (2002). Sex differ ences in coping behavior: A meta-analytic review and an exami nation of relative coping. Personality and Social psychology re view, 6(1), 2-30
36 Thoits, P. A. (1994). Stressors and problem-solving: The individ ual as psychological activist. Journal of Health and Social Behav ior, 143-160
37 Thompson, R. A. (1994). Emotion regulation: A theme in search of definition. Monograohs of society for research in child Devel opment, 59, 25-52
38 Wang, L., Liu, H. C., Li, Z. Q. (2007). Reliability and Validity of Emotion Regulation Questionnaire Chinese Revised Version. Chinese Journal of Health Psychology, 15(6), 503-505
39 Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen. A. (1998). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psycholo gy, 54, 1063-1070

服务与反馈：

【文章下载】【加入收藏】